How to choose solar battery, lithium battery or lead-acid battery?

Lithium batteries are a class of batteries made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive/negative materials and using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium batteries can be broadly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain lithium in the metallic state and are rechargeable. The fifth generation of rechargeable batteries, lithium metal batteries, was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance-to-price ratio are better than lithium ion batteries.

Lead-acid battery is a kind of battery whose electrode is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and whose electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. In the discharged state of lead-acid battery, the main component of positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of negative electrode is lead; in the charged state, the main component of both positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate. The nominal voltage of a single-cell lead-acid battery is 2.0V, which can be discharged to 1.5V and charged to 2.4V; in application, six single-cell lead-acid batteries are often connected in series to form a nominal 12V lead-acid battery, and 24V, 36V, 48V, etc.

Lithium battery and lead-acid battery both have a pivotal position in the field of energy storage, and no one can completely replace anyone.

Which one is better to choose for the application of lithium battery and lead-acid battery in solar street light?

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries from the following aspects.

1. Weight energy density

The current lithium battery energy density is generally in 200-260wh/g, lead-acid is generally in 50-70wh/g, then the weight energy density lithium battery is 3-5 times of lead-acid, which means that the same capacity, lead-acid battery is 3-5 times of lithium battery, so in the light weight of energy storage devices, lithium battery occupies the absolute advantage.

2. Volume energy density

The volume capacity density of lithium battery is usually about 1.5 times that of lead-acid battery, so the volume of lithium battery is about 30% smaller than that of lead-acid battery with the same capacity.

3. Use cycle

The more popular material system is ternary and lithium iron, ternary power lithium battery cycle times are usually more than 1000 times, lithium iron phosphate battery cycle times are more than 2000 times, lead-acid battery cycle times are usually only about 300 to 350 times, so the service life of lithium batteries is about 3-6 times that of lead-acid batteries.

4. Price

At present, lithium batteries are more expensive than lead-acid, about 3 times more expensive, but combined with the service life analysis, put the same cost, still the lithium battery cycle to be longer.

5. Applicability

Lithium batteries are slightly less safe than lead-acid batteries, so you need to do a variety of safety precautions in use, such as preventing damage to lithium batteries caused by external forces or accidents, which may cause a fire or explosion; the current temperature suitability of lithium batteries is also very good, so in other adaptations, lithium batteries are not inferior to lead-acid batteries.

6. Environmental protection effect

Lead-acid batteries because of the production chain or the environmental hazards caused by waste batteries is quite serious, so in terms of green environmental protection-oriented, has been limiting the expansion of reinvestment in lead-acid batteries, or in some areas to limit the use of lead-acid batteries, the future trend of lithium batteries to replace lead-acid batteries will become more and more obvious, and the progress will gradually accelerate.

7. Ease of installation

Lithium battery has a smaller volume and weight, and can be installed directly on the top of the light pole, which is relatively simple and efficient to install. Lead-acid battery can have larger volume and weight, and it is difficult to install on the top of the dun pole, otherwise, in windy weather or bad conditions, safety hazards may occur.

Therefore, through the comparison of lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries, we tend to favor the energy-saving and environmentally friendly lithium batteries that are easy to install.

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